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\author{Adam Przepiórkowski}

\section{Tagset}
\label{sec:tagset}

Each morphosyntactic tag is a sequence of colon-separated values, e.g.:
\emph{subst:sg:nom:m1} for the segment \emph{chłopiec} `boy'.  The first
value, e.g., \emph{subst}, determines the \emph{grammatical class}
(cf.~\S{}\ref{sec:klasy-gramatyczne}), while the values that follow it,
e.g., \emph{sg}, \emph{nom} and \emph{m1}, are the values of grammatical
categories (cf.~\S{}\ref{sec:kat}) appropriate for that grammatical class.

\subsection{Grammatical categories}
\label{sec:kat}

The following table presents the repertoire of grammatical categories used
in the National Corpus of Polish:

\begin{tabular}{lll}
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Number}: (2 values)} \\
singular & \emph{sg} & \emph{oko} \\
plural & \emph{pl} & \emph{oczy} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Case}: (7 values)} \\
nominative & \emph{nom} & \emph{woda} \\
genitive & \emph{gen} & \emph{wody} \\
dative & \emph{dat} & \emph{wodzie} \\
accusative & \emph{acc} & \emph{wodę} \\
instrumental & \emph{inst} & \emph{wodą} \\
locative & \emph{loc} & \emph{wodzie} \\
vocative & \emph{voc} & \emph{wodo} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Gender}: (5 values)} \\
human masculine (virile) & \emph{m1} & \emph{papież, kto, wujostwo} \\
animate masculine & \emph{m2} & \emph{baranek, walc, babsztyl} \\
inanimate masculine & \emph{m3} & \emph{stół} \\
feminine & \emph{f} & \emph{stuła} \\
neuter & \emph{n} & \emph{dziecko, okno, co, skrzypce, spodnie} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Person}: (3 values)} \\
first & \emph{pri} & \emph{bredzę}, \emph{my} \\
second & \emph{sec} & \emph{bredzisz}, \emph{wy} \\
third & \emph{ter} & \emph{bredzi}, \emph{oni} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Degree}: (3 values)} \\
positive & \emph{pos} & \emph{cudny} \\
comparative & \emph{comp} & \emph{cudniejszy} \\
superlative & \emph{sup} & \emph{najcudniejszy} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Aspect}: (2 values)} \\
imperfective & \emph{imperf} & \emph{iść} \\
perfective & \emph{perf} & \emph{zajść} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Negation}: (2 values)} \\
affirmative & \emph{aff} & \emph{pisanie, czytanego} \\
negative & \emph{neg} & \emph{niepisanie, nieczytanego} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Accentability}: (2 values)} \\
accented (strong) & \emph{akc} & \emph{jego, niego, tobie} \\
non-accented (weak) & \emph{nakc} & \emph{go, -ń, ci} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Post-prepositionality}: (2 values)} \\
post-prepositional & \emph{praep} & \emph{niego, -ń} \\
non-post-prepositional & \emph{npraep} & \emph{jego, go} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Accommodability}: (2 values)} \\
agreeing & \emph{congr} & \emph{dwaj, pięcioma} \\
governing & \emph{rec} & \emph{dwóch, dwu, pięciorgiem} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Agglutination}: (2 values)} \\
non-agglutinative & \emph{nagl} & \emph{niósł} \\
agglutinative & \emph{agl} & \emph{niosł-} \\
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Vocalicity}: (2 values)} \\
vocalic & \emph{wok} & \emph{-em} \\
non-vocalic & \emph{nwok} & \emph{-m}
\end{tabular}

\subsection{Grammatical classes}
\label{sec:klasy-gramatyczne}

The scope of traditional parts of speech such as verb, noun, numeral or
pronoun is fuzzy and, hence, controversial.  For example, are gerundial
forms such as \emph{picie} `drinking' and \emph{palenie} `smoking' verbs
(they have the category of aspect and they are productively related to
verbal forms such as \emph{pić} `to drink' and \emph{palić} `to smoke'), or
are they nouns (they decline for case, and they have the lexical category of
gender)?  Are ordinal numerals such as \emph{piąty} `fifth' numerals
(semantically, they are numerals), or are they adjectives (they have
adjectival inflection)?  Are adjectival pronouns such as \emph{taki} `such'
pronouns (semantics) or adjectives (inflection)?

Grammatical classes used in the National Corpus of Polish are more precisely delimited
and, overall, finer-grained than traditional parts of speech.  The classes
assumed here are based on the notion of \emph{flexeme}, narrower than the
notion of \emph{lexeme}.

The following table contains the rough morphosyntactic characteristics of
all flexemic classes assumed in the present tagset.  The symbol
$\ensuremath{\oplus}$ in the table means that, for a given flexemic class, a
given grammatical category is a morphological category (flexemes belonging
to this class normally inflect for that category), while the symbol
$\ensuremath{\odot}$ means that the category is a lexical category (for each
flexeme belonging to this class, all forms of that flexeme have the same
value of that category, although that value may differ between flexemes, as
in the case of the gender of nouns).

\begin{tabular}{lcccccccccccc}
\label{tabzewsz}
& number & case & gender & person & degree & aspect & negation & accentability & post-prep. & accom. & agglt. & vocalicity \\
noun & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
depreciative form & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
main numeral & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ \\
collective numeral & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ \\
adjective & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
ad-adj.~adjective & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
post-prep.~adjective & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
adverb & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
pronoun (non-3rd person) & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
pronoun (3rd person) & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
pronoun \textsc{siebie} & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
non-past form & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
future \textsc{być} & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
agglut.~\textsc{być} & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ \\
l-participle & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ \\
imperative form & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
impersonal form & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
infinitive & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
adv.~contemp.~prtcp. & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
adv.~anter.~prtcp. & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
gerund & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
adj.~act.~prtcp. & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
adj.~pass.~prtcp. & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
\emph{winien}-like verb & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & ~ & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
predicative & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
preposition & ~ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
conjunction & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
particle-adverb & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
alien (nominal) & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\oplus}$ & $\ensuremath{\odot}$ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
alien (other) & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
unknown form & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
punctuation & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~ & ~
\end{tabular}

The following table provides the information about base forms for all
grammatical classes, as well as the abbreviations of these classes as used
in the National Corpus of Polish.

\begin{tabular}{llll}
\label{skrklasflek}
\textbf{flexeme} &
\textbf{abbreviation} &
\textbf{base form} &
\textbf{example}
\\
noun &
\emph{subst} &
singular nominative &
\emph{profesor}
\\
depreciative form &
\emph{depr} &
singular nominative form of the corresponding noun &
\emph{profesor}
\\
main numeral &
\emph{num} &
inanimate masculine nominative form &
\emph{pięć, dwa}
\\
collective numeral &
\emph{numcol} &
inanimate masculine nominative
form of the main numeral &
\emph{pięć, dwa}
\\
adjective &
\emph{adj} &
singular nominative masculine positive form &
\emph{polski}
\\
ad-adjectival adjective &
\emph{adja} &
singular nominative masculine positive form of the adjective &
\emph{polski}
\\
post-prepositional adjective &
\emph{adjp} &
singular nominative masculine positive form of the adjective &
\emph{polski}
\\
adverb &
\emph{adv} &
positive form &
\emph{dobrze}, \emph{bardzo}
\\
non-3rd person pronoun &
\emph{ppron12} &
singular nominative &
\emph{ja}
\\
3rd-person pronoun &
\emph{ppron3} &
singular nominative &
\emph{on}
\\
pronoun \textsc{siebie} &
\emph{siebie} &
accusative &
\emph{siebie}
\\
non-past form &
\emph{fin} &
infinitive &
\emph{czytać}
\\
future \textsc{być} &
\emph{bedzie} &
infinitive &
\emph{być}
\\
agglutinate \textsc{być} &
\emph{aglt} &
infinitive &
\emph{być}
\\
l-participle &
\emph{praet} &
infinitive &
\emph{czytać}
\\
imperative &
\emph{impt} &
infinitive &
\emph{czytać}
\\
impersonal &
\emph{imps} &
infinitive &
\emph{czytać}
\\
infinitive &
\emph{inf} &
infinitive &
\emph{czytać}
\\
contemporary adv. participle &
\emph{pcon} &
infinitive &
\emph{czytać}
\\
anterior adv. participle &
\emph{pant} &
infinitive &
\emph{czytać}
\\
gerund &
\emph{ger} &
infinitive &
\emph{czytać}
\\
active adj. participle &
\emph{pact} &
infinitive &
\emph{czytać}
\\
passive adj. participle &
\emph{ppas} &
infinitive &
\emph{czytać}
\\
winien &
\emph{winien} &
singular masculine form &
\emph{powinien, rad}
\\
predicative &
\emph{pred} &
the only form of that flexeme &
\emph{warto}
\\
preposition &
\emph{prep} &
the non-vocalic form of that flexeme &
\emph{na, przez, w}
\\
conjunction &
\emph{conj} &
the only form of that flexeme &
\emph{oraz}
\\
particle-adverb &
\emph{qub} &
the only form of that flexeme &
\emph{nie}, \emph{-że}, \emph{się}
\\
nominal alien &
\emph{xxs} &
singular nominative form &
\emph{de},
\emph{l'Hospital}
\\
other alien &
\emph{xxx} &
the only form of that flexeme &
\emph{bene}
\\
unknown form &
\emph{ign} &
the only form of that flexeme &
~
\\
punctuation &
\emph{interp} &
the only form of that flexeme &
\emph{;}, \emph{.}, \emph{(}, \emph{]}
\end{tabular}
